Biocontainment Design and Engineering for Biosecurity
Dr. Tony Della-Porta Managing Director Biosecurity and Biocontainment International Consultants (Bio2ic), Sydney, Australia
Most biocontainment facilities are biosafety level 2 (BSL-2) facilities in which most human, animal and plant pathogens are handled. These pathogens present a low personal and environmental risk. They still represent a risk of infection to the general public who should not be permitted to access BSL-2 laboratories. The biosecurity and biocontainment requirements will be briefly described. Higher risk agents are handled in BSL-3 and BSL-4 laboratories and the cost and engineering requirements are significantly higher for these laboratories than for BSL-2 laboratories BSL-3 facilities are required for Risk Group 3 pathogens which pose a significant risk to personnel and to the environment. BSL-4 facilities are for Risk Group 4 agents that pose an extreme risk for the staff and the environment. The requirements for BSL-3 and BSL-4 facilities will be described, together in modern trends for design and construction of BSL-2 to BSL-4 facilities.